Yogyakarta Special Region

1.2.5 Yogyakarta Special Region

Special Region of Yogyakarta
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta


Motto: Mangayu Hayuning Bawono (Javanese)
(The Vision to Perfect Society)


Capital
Yogyakarta (city)

Governor
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X

Area
3,185.80 km2 (1,230 sq mi)
Population
3,121,000 (2003)
Density
979.7 /km2 (2,537 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups
Javanese (97%), Sundanese (1%) [1]

Religion
Islam (91.8%), Christianity (7.9%), Hinduism (0.2%), Buddhism (0.1%)

Languages
Indonesian (official), Javanese

Time zone
WIB (UTC+7)

Web site www.pemda-diy.go.id

The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is the smallest province of Indonesia (excluding Jakarta). It is located on the island of Java. Yogyakarta is the only province in Indonesia that is still governed by that area's precolonial monarchy; The Sultan of Yogyakarta serves as the elected governor of the province. In English it is pronounced /ˌdʒoʊɡdʒəˈkɑrtə/[citation needed] which derives from its Dutch spelling Jogjakarta. In Javanese (and Dutch) it is pronounced [joɡjaˈkartɔ]. It is also referred to more casually as Jogja.
The city of Yogyakarta is the capital of the province.
Contents
1 Geography
2 Administrative divisions
3 Yogyakarta city
4 History
4.1 2006 Earthquake
5 Transportation
6 Sister relationships
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links

Geography
Yogyakarta is located in south-central Java. It is surrounded by the province of Central Java (Jawa Tengah) and the Indian Ocean in the south.
The population of DIY in 2003 was approximately 3,000,000. The province of Yogyakarta has a total area of 3,185.80 km2. Yogyakarta has the second-smallest area of the provinces in Indonesia, after the Jakarta Capital Region. However it has, along with adjacent areas in Central Java, some of the highest population densities of Java.
Administrative divisions
Yogyakarta province is subdivided into four regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota):
Bantul Regency (506.86 km2)
Gunung Kidul Regency (1,485.36 km2)
Kulon Progo Regency (586.27 km2)
Sleman Regency (574.82 km2)
Yogyakarta City (32.5 km2)
Yogyakarta city
Main article: Yogyakarta (city)
Located within the Yogyakarta province, Yogyakarta city is known as a center of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry and puppet shows. It is also famous as a center for Indonesian higher education. At Yogyakarta's center is the kraton, or Sultan's palace. While the city sprawls in all directions from the kraton, the core of the modern city is to the north.
History


Sultan palace in Yogyakarta
The Yogyakarta Sultanate, formally the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, was formed in 1755 when the existing Sultanate of Mataram was divided by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in two under the Treaty of Giyanti. This treaty states that the Sultanate of Mataram was to be divided into the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat with Yogyakarta as the capital and Mangkubumi who became Sultan Hamengkubuwono I as its Sultan and the Sultanate of Surakarta Hadiningrat with Surakarta as the capital and Pakubuwono III who was the ruler of the Sultanate of Mataram as its Sultan. The Sultan Hamengkubuwono I spent the next 37 years building the new capital, with the Kraton as the centerpiece and the court at Surakarta as the blueprint model. By the time he died in 1792, his territory exceeded Surakarta's.
The ruler Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (April 12, 1912 - 1988) held a degree from the Dutch Leiden University, and held for a time the largely ceremonial position of Vice-President of Indonesia, in recognition of his status, as well as Minister of Finance and Minister of Defense.
In support of Indonesia declaring independence from the Dutch and Japanese occupation, in September 5, 1945, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX of Yogya and Sri Paku Alam VIII in Yogya declared their sultanates to be part of the Republic of Indonesia. In return for this support, a law was passed in 1950 in which Yogyakarta was granted the status of province Daerah Istimewa (Special Region Province), with special status that recognizes the power of the Sultan in his own region's domestic affairs.
By this act, Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX was appointed as governor for life. During the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch after World War II (1945-1950), the capital of the newly-declared Indonesian republic was temporarily moved to Yogyakarta when the Dutch reoccupied Jakarta from January 1946 until August 1950.
The current ruler of Yogyakarta is his son, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, who holds a law degree from Universitas Gadjah Mada. Upon the elder sultan's death, the position of governor, according to the agreement with Indonesia, was to pass to his heir. However, the central government at that time insisted on an election. In 1998, Sultan Hamengkubuwono X was elected as governor by the provincial house of representatives (DPRD) of Yogyakarta, defying the will of the central government. "I may be a sultan," he has been quoted in Asia Week as saying, "but is it not possible for me to also be a democrat?"[2]
See also List of Governors of Yogyakarta See also Yogyakarta Sultanate
2006 Earthquake
Main article: May 2006 Java earthquake
The province of Yogyakarta bore the brunt of a 6.3-magnitude earthquake on 27 May 2006 which killed 5,782 people and left some 36,299 persons injured. More than 135,000 houses are damaged, and 600,000 people are homeless [3]. The earthquake extensively damaged the local region of Bantul, and its surrounding hinterland. The most significant number of deaths occurred in this region.
The coincidence of the recent eruption of Mount Merapi, and the earthquake would not be lost on the older and more superstitious Javanese - as such natural phenonomena are given considerable import within their understanding of the spiritual aspect of such events.
Transportation
Yogyakarta is served by Adisucipto International Airport. There are two train stations: Lempuyangan and Tugu. To the south, in the Bantul region, is the Giwangan bus station, the largest bus station in Indonesia.
Yogyakarta city surrounded by a ring highway named Ring Road.
Sister relationships
Yogyakarta has signed a sister relationship agreement with city/state:
Kyoto Japan,[4]
California, United States of America.[5]


1.2.6 East Java

East Java
Jawa Timur


Motto: Jer Basuki Mawa Béya ( Javanese)
(To proggress/prosper took some effort/cost)


Capital
Surabaya

Governor
Soekarwo

Area
47,922 km2 (18,503 sq mi)
Population
34,766,000 (2000)
Density
725.5 /km2 (1,879 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups
Javanese (79%), Madurese (18%), Osing (1%), Chinese (1%)[1]

Religion
Islam (96.3%), Christianity (2.6%), Hinduism (0.6%), Buddhism (0.4%), Kejawen also practised
Languages
Javanese, Madurese, Indonesian

Time zone
WIB (UTC+7)

Web site www.jatim.go.id

East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur, Javanese: Jawa Wétan) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and also includes neighboring Madura and islands to the east of it, as well as the Bawean islands. The administrative center of the province is located in Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia and a major industrial center and port.
Contents
1 Population
2 Religion
3 Administrative areas
4 History
5 Natural resources
6 Education
7 Media
8 National parks
9 Culinary
10 References
11 External links

Population
According to the 2000 census, East Java has 34 million inhabitants, second only to West Java among Indonesian provinces. The inhabitants consist of mostly Javanese. Native minorities include migrants from nearby Madura, and distinct Javanese ethnicities such as the Tengger people in Bromo, the Samin and the Osing people in Banyuwangi. East Java also hosts a significant population of other ethnic groups, such as Chinese, Indians, and Arabs. In addition to the national language, Indonesian, they also speak Javanese. Javanese spoken in the western part of East Java is a recognizably similar dialect to the one spoken in nearby Central Java, with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. But in the eastern cities of Surabaya, Malang, and surrounding areas, the people speak a more egalitarian version of Javanese, with much less regard for hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity.
In addition to that, Madurese is spoken by around 15 millions of Madurese, concentrated in Madura Island, Kangean Islands, Masalembu Islands, Eastern part of East Java, and East Java main cities.
Religion
The main religion used to be Hinduism and Buddhism. With the arrival of Islam, Hinduism was gradually pushed out in the 14th and 15th century. The last nobles and remainders of the fallen empire of Majapahit fled from this point to Bali. This comes from earlier history, when Islam spread from northern cities in Java where many traders from Gujarat, India visited, bringing Islam. The eastern part of East Java, from Surabaya to Pasuruan, then following various cities along the coast line, and turning back in Banyuwangi to Jember, is well known as the "horseshoe area" in context with earlier Muslim communities living there.
Nevertheless, pockets of Hinduism have survived and abangan, the syncretic religion of Islam, Hinduism and Animism, remains strong. See Hinduism in Java for more information.
Administrative areas
See also: Subdivisions of Indonesia
East Java is administratively divided into 29 regencies (or kabupaten) and 9 cities (or kotamadya).
Regencies (seat):
Java and Bawean island.
Banyuwangi
Blitar
Bojonegoro
Bondowoso
Gresik
Jember
Jombang
Kediri
Lamongan
Lumajang
Madiun
Magetan
Malang
Mojokerto
Nganjuk
Ngawi
Pacitan
Pasuruan
Ponorogo
Probolinggo
Sidoarjo
Situbondo
Trenggalek
Tuban
Tulungagung
Madura and Kangean Islands
Bangkalan Regency (Bangkalan)
Pamekasan
Sampang
Sumenep
Cities:
Batu
Blitar
Kediri
Madiun
Malang
Mojokerto
Pasuruan
Probolinggo
Surabaya
History
East Java's history dates back to the famous ancient kingdoms of Kediri and Singhasari, which is now a city near Malang. The Majapahit empire, centered at Trowulan, Mojokerto East Java, is celebrated by Indonesians as the golden age of the archipelago. The Eastern Java region was part of the Mataram kingdom during its peak.


Farming in East Java in the foothills near Mount Bromo.
Natural resources
Chalk (Trenggalek & Gresik the city is also famous of its cement industries)
Marble (Tulungagung)
Oil (Cepu)
Salt (Madura Island)
Education


Botok Tawon, a traditional dish from East Java cooked in coconut milk
East Java hosts some of the famous universities in Indonesia, both owned by government and private. Three major cities for universities, because they have government's universities, are Surabaya, Malang, and Jember. Among them, Airlangga University and Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember are the most famous, and both are located in Surabaya. See: List of universities in East Java
Another important form of education that is available in most cities in East Java is the pesantren. This kind of education is built and organized by Islamic clerics, and associated with local or national Muslim organizations. Jombang is a famous city for its pesantren.
Media
East Java supports several regional media outlets. Local newspapers with provincial news reach their readers earlier than their competitors from Jakarta. In the spirit of "providing more news from around readers", most newspapers even issue municipal sections which are different among their distribution areas.
Jawa Pos Group, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia, is based in Surabaya.
Surya, is a newspaper based in Surabaya. Surya is now controlled by Kompas, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia
National parks
Meru Betiri National Park - Between Jember and Banyuwangi districts, this park covers 580 km2 (224 sq mi). Hard to get to, it contains fantastic coastal rainforest and scenery and is home to abundant wildlife.
Alas Purwo National Park - This 434 km2 (168 sq mi) park is formed by the Blambangan Peninsula (south eastern Java). Comprising mangrove, savanna, lowland monsoon forests and excellent beaches, the park's name means First Forest in Javanese. Javanese legend says that the earth first emerged from the ocean here.
Baluran National Park - This 250 km2 (97 sq mi) national park is located in north east Java, once known as Indonesia's little piece of Africa, the parks formerly extensive savanna has been largely replaced by Acacia.
Mount Bromo and Tengger caldera, Semeru National Park, 7°56.355′S 112°57.170′E7.93925°S 112.95283°E(alt 2500 m); located in East Java at the region of Probolinggo and Pasuruan, 70 km (43 mi) from Surabaya the capital city of East Java province. Mount Bromo is one of the great hiking and trekking destinations for overseas tourists. The breathtaking view of Bromo also attracts hundreds of photo enthusiasts to see the views there.
Culinary


Rujak Cingur, traditional dish from East Java made from cow's lips and vegetable
Some famous culinary come from East Java are:
Nasi Pecel (from Madiun)
Semanggi
Lontong Kikil
Lontong Balap
Lontong Kupang
Lontong Mie
Rawon
Rujak Cingur
Soto Lamongan
Soto Daging Madura
Sate Ayam Madura
Culinary from East Java have more "salty" taste than Central Java.